Contract verbs: lexical form ends in αω, εω, οω.
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i.e. ἀγαπάω, ποιέω, πληρόω
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To form the future active and middle tenses, contract vowel lengthens before sigma (α>η, ε>η,
ο>ω) (ποιέω>ποιήσω)
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In the same way, in the aorist tense the contract vowel lengthens before the sigma (ἀγαπάω>ἠγάπησα)
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In the same way, in the perfect active the contract vowel lengthens before the kappa (ἀγαπάω>ἠγάπηκα)
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Contract vowels contract (are absorbed by ending, which can change) in the present and imperfect tenses (πληρῶ, ἐπλήρουν).
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This contraction makes contract endings different, but similar to, regular endings
Liquid Verbs: roots end in an λ, μ, ν, ρ.
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Liquid futures are very difficult to identify
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They do not contain a sigma infix
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They have a circumflex accent over the ending
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They utilise a different stem than the present tense
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They may contain an extra vowel in the ending
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Liquid Aorist
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Alpha tense formative goes before secondary endings instead of σα
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Easy to spot: augment + stem ending in λ,μ,ν,ρ + ending:
μι Verbs (aka Athematic Verbs)
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Have no connecting vowel
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Most irregular in present; otherwise they are easy to form
redup
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+
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iota
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+
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root
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+
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ending
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=
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I give
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δ
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+
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ι
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+
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δω
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+
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σιν
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=
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δίδωσιν
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endings: missin men teasin!
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Aorist: has an augment; κα infix instead of σα
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Imperfect: looks a little different
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Future: sigma infix
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Perfect: reduplicate with an epsilon, not an iota like the present; κα infix
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Four kinds of μι verbs:
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δίδωμι omicron (lengthens to omega)
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ἵστημι alpha (lengthens to eta)
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τίθημι epsilon (lengthens to eta)
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δείκνυμι upsilon (lengthens to upsilon)
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Click here to review μι verbs in other moods