Contract verbs: lexical form ends in αω, εω, οω.
-
i.e. ἀγαπάω, ποιέω, πληρόω
-
To form the future active and middle tenses, contract vowel lengthens before sigma (α>η, ε>η,
ο>ω) (ποιέω>ποιήσω)
-
In the same way, in the aorist tense the contract vowel lengthens before the sigma (ἀγαπάω>ἠγάπησα)
-
In the same way, in the perfect active the contract vowel lengthens before the kappa (ἀγαπάω>ἠγάπηκα)
-
Contract vowels contract (are absorbed by ending, which can change) in the present and imperfect tenses (πληρῶ, ἐπλήρουν).
-
This contraction makes contract endings different, but similar to, regular endings
Liquid Verbs: roots end in an λ, μ, ν, ρ.
-
Liquid futures are very difficult to identify
-
They do not contain a sigma infix
-
They have a circumflex accent over the ending
-
They utilise a different stem than the present tense
-
They may contain an extra vowel in the ending
-
Liquid Aorist
-
Alpha tense formative goes before secondary endings instead of σα
-
Easy to spot: augment + stem ending in λ,μ,ν,ρ + ending:
μι Verbs (aka Athematic Verbs)
-
Have no connecting vowel
-
Most irregular in present; otherwise they are easy to form
|
redup
|
+
|
iota
|
+
|
root
|
+
|
ending
|
=
|
I give
|
|
δ
|
+
|
ι
|
+
|
δω
|
+
|
σιν
|
=
|
δίδωσιν
|
-
endings: missin men teasin!
-
Aorist: has an augment; κα infix instead of σα
-
Imperfect: looks a little different
-
Future: sigma infix
-
Perfect: reduplicate with an epsilon, not an iota like the present; κα infix
-
Four kinds of μι verbs:
-
δίδωμι omicron (lengthens to omega)
-
ἵστημι alpha (lengthens to eta)
-
τίθημι epsilon (lengthens to eta)
-
δείκνυμι upsilon (lengthens to upsilon)
-
Click here to review μι verbs in other moods